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In the realm of electromagnetic radiation, there exist two distinct types: infrared light and visible light. These two types differ in several key aspects:

 

1. Wavelength Range: Infrared light typically spans a range of 0.75 to 1000 microns, whereas visible light covers a narrower range of 0.4 to 0.75 microns.

 

2. Perception: Visible light can be directly perceived by our eyes, forming visual images. On the other hand, our eyes cannot directly detect infrared light, necessitating specialized equipment like infrared cameras for its observation.

 

3. Propagation: Due to its longer wavelength, infrared light encounters less resistance as it propagates through the natural environment. It can penetrate various pollutants in the atmosphere, such as smoke and haze. In contrast, visible light faces greater resistance and is more prone to scattering and reflection when passing through thicker haze conditions.

 

4. Applications: The unique properties of infrared light, including its permeability, thermal imaging capabilities, and ability to remain concealed, make it highly valuable in fields like night vision, medical diagnosis, and security inspection. Visible light, on the other hand, is better suited for tasks such as lighting, photography, and display purposes.

Thermal imaging cameras convert invisible infrared energy emitted by objects into visible thermal images. The different colors on the thermal image represent different temperatures of the object being measured. By viewing thermal images, you can observe the overall temperature distribution of the target being measured, study the heating status of the target, and provide a basis for judgment for work and research.
 

Infrared rays are divided into near-infrared, short-wave infrared, medium-wave infrared, and long-wave infrared according to the atmospheric window. Long-wave infrared can be observed through the air, but cannot be observed through walls and glass, and has the advantages of all-weather imaging, non-contact temperature measurement, and smoke-penetrating observation.

1. Basic principles

Utilize the movement of two or more lens groups in the optical system to change the combined focal length of the optical system while keeping the image plane position unchanged, and the image quality is always maintained during the zoom process.
 

2. Optical structure

The optical structure of a mechanically compensated zoom lens consists of a front fixed group, a zoom group, a compensation group and a rear fixed group.

a. Front fixed group: Its function is to provide a fixed image to the system;

b. Zoom group: Responsible for the zoom function of the system, making linear movements to change the focal length;

c. Compensation group: perform nonlinear motion according to a certain curve trajectory to compensate for the

The image plane movement generated during the zoom process:

d. Post-fixed group: used to convert the image of the compensation group into the final real image of the system, and adjust the synthetic focal length value of the system and the equipment aperture diaphragm to ensure that the relative aperture of the system remains unchanged during the zoom movement.

Infrared lens is an optical lens based on the infrared spectrum band. Its main feature is that it can be used to detect the thermal radiation of objects. It has wide applications in modern, security, medical and other fields. Below we take an infrared lens as an example to introduce its manufacturing process in detail.

Process flow:

1. Select materials: The selection of infrared optical materials is a key link in the design of infrared optical systems. Generally used materials include zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc selenide (ZnSe), sulfide (CdS) selenide steel (InSe), etc. In this case, we chose zinc sulfide (ZnS) material.
 

2. Material processing: The selected infrared optical materials are processed, usually by cutting, grinding, polishing, etc., to make lenses with the required geometric shape and surface quality.

 

3. Coating: In order to improve the transmittance of the lens for specific wavelengths, a reflective film is generally coated on the surface of the infrared lens. The coating process is relatively demanding and requires sophisticated equipment and technical support.
 

4. Assembly: Combine the processed lenses and reflectors to form a complete infrared optical system. 

1. ZnSe (Zinc Selenide)

2.ZnS (Zinc Sulfide)

3.CaF2 (Calcium Fluoride)

4.MaF2 (Magnesium Fluoride)

5.BaF2 (Barium Fluoride)

6.LiF (Lithium fluoride)

7.GaAs (Gallium Arseide)

8. Ge (Germanium)

9.Si (Silicon)